Sciatica is a common condition that affects millions of people each year, yet it’s often misunderstood. Rather than being a diagnosis itself, sciatica describes a set of symptoms caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve—the longest nerve in the body. Understanding the symptoms of sciatica is the first step toward getting proper treatment and long-term relief.
What Is Sciatica?
The sciatic nerve starts in the lower back, travels through the hips and buttocks, and runs down each leg. When this nerve becomes irritated—often due to a disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or muscle tightness—pain and neurological symptoms can occur anywhere along its path.
Common Symptoms of Sciatica
1. Radiating Leg Pain
The hallmark symptom of sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back or buttock down one leg. This pain can travel into the thigh, calf, and even the foot. It may feel sharp, burning, or electric, and is often more intense in the leg than in the lower back.
2. Numbness or Tingling
Many people with sciatica experience numbness, pins-and-needles sensations, or decreased feeling in the leg or foot. These sensations typically follow the path of the sciatic nerve and may come and go or persist throughout the day.
3. Weakness in the Leg or Foot
Sciatic nerve irritation can interfere with muscle function, leading to weakness in the affected leg. You may notice difficulty lifting the foot, climbing stairs, standing from a seated position, or maintaining balance.
4. Pain That Worsens With Certain Activities
Sciatic symptoms often increase with prolonged sitting, bending, twisting, coughing, or sneezing. Some people also notice increased pain when standing up after sitting or when walking for long periods.
5. Lower Back or Buttock Pain
While sciatica is primarily known for leg pain, many individuals also experience discomfort or tightness in the lower back or deep in the buttock. In some cases, this pain is mild compared to the leg symptoms.
6. Burning or Shooting Sensations
Sciatic pain is frequently described as burning, stabbing, or shooting. These nerve-related sensations can feel sudden and intense, making everyday movements uncomfortable or unpredictable.
When to Seek Professional Care
If sciatic symptoms last more than a few days, worsen over time, or interfere with daily activities, it’s important to seek professional evaluation. Red flags such as severe weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or numbness in the groin area require immediate medical attention.
How Physical Therapy Can Help
Physical therapy is one of the most effective treatments for sciatica. A physical therapist can identify the underlying cause of nerve irritation and develop a personalized plan that may include targeted exercises, mobility work, posture correction, and nerve-gliding techniques. The goal is not just pain relief, but long-term recovery and prevention.
Sciatica symptoms can range from mild discomfort to significant pain and weakness. Early recognition and proper treatment are key to preventing chronic issues and getting back to normal movement. If you’re experiencing symptoms of sciatica, a physical therapy evaluation can help you take control of your recovery. If you have more questions about your sciatica pain, contact our office at 480-785-5415.